Regulation of coagulation and thrombosis by C1 inhibitor

Venous thromboembolism is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. The contact pathway of coagulation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of venous thromboembolism. However, there are few studies on regulation of this pathway by endogenous anticoagulants. C1 inhibitor is a multifunctional serine protease inhibitor that functions as a major endogenous inhibitor of kallikrein, factor XII and factor XI. Patients with a congenital deficiency in C1 inhibitor suffer from a rare episodic swelling disorder called Hereditary Angioedema. Critically, patients with Hereditary Angioedema have evidence of increased systemic activation of coagulation. We recently reported that Hereditary Angioedema is associated with a significantly increased risk of venous thromboembolism in a small case-control study. Further, we have found that Hereditary Angioedema patient plasmas support significantly increased contact pathway-mediated coagulation. Importantly, this phenotype could be recapitulated in C1 inhibitor deficient mice that model key aspects of Hereditary Angioedema. Our preliminary data indicates that aberrant contact pathway-mediated coagulation and enhanced venous thrombosis observed in C1-inhibitor deficient mice can be rescued by select anticoagulant interventions. Additional preliminary data indicates that exogenous C1 inhibitor effectively reduces contact pathway-mediated coagulation and venous thrombosis in C1 inhibitor replete settings. Our central hypothesis is that C1 inhibitor prevents venous thrombosis through inhibition of contact pathway-mediated coagulation. In Aim 1 of this proposal, we will evaluate the molecular mechanism by which endogenous C1 inhibitor regulates coagulation and venous thrombosis in mice using substrate selective C1 inhibitor variants and an arsenal of pharmacological inhibitors. In Aim 2, we will evaluate the impact of C1INH deficiency on coagulation and thrombosis in patients with Hereditary Angioedema using patient samples and a large-scale epidemiological dataset. In Aim 3, we will evaluate the therapeutic potential of exogenous C1 inhibitor in mouse models of thrombosis. The work proposed will provide new insights into the anticoagulant activity of endogenous C1 inhibitor and the potential of exogenous C1 inhibitor to serve as a novel hemostasis sparing anticoagulant. Project Number: 7R01HL171042-02 | Fiscal Year: 2025 | NIH Institute/Center: National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) | Principal Investigator: Steven Grover | Institution: BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER, BOSTON, MA | Award Amount: $788,721 | Activity Code: R01 | Study Section: Hemostasis, Thrombosis, Blood Cells and Transfusion Study Section[HTBT] View on NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7R01HL17104202