Harnessing the human myeloid system to improve surgical recovery

Harnessing the human myeloid system to improve surgical recovery Annually, 30 million patients undergo major surgery in the US, with 20-30% experiencing delayed surgical recovery. However, existing tools for predicting surgical recovery perform poorly. An effective immune response to surgical trauma is necessary for most biological processes driving surgical recovery, including infection control, functional recovery, and pain resolution. As such, in-depth analysis of local (i.e., at the surgical site) and peripheral immune mechanisms in patients undergoing surgery is an essential step for identifying accurate predictive biomarkers of surgical recovery and novel therapeutic targets. The human myeloid system (hMS), including monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and their subsets, plays a pivotal role in initiating and coordinating the immune response to surgical trauma. Initially focused on the peripheral hMS, our research uses high-dimensional immune monitoring technologies to identify modifiable mechanisms that predict a patient’s recovery. Over the past five years, we have: 1) developed single-cell mass cytometry assays for the functional and epigenetic monitoring of patients’ immune response to surgery and of pharmacological interventions (Nat. Commun., 2020; Ann. Surg, 2023); 2) characterized an hMS cellular program predicting surgical site infections (SSIs, Ann. Surg., 2022); 3) developed a machine learning framework for predictive modeling and selection of reliable biomarkers of surgical outcomes (Nat. Biotech., 2024). This MIRA program builds on our recent studies highlighting the role of the peripheral hMS in the pathogenesis of SSIs after GI surgery. We will first investigate the contribution of the local hMS to the pathophysiology of SSIs and determine the relationship between the local immune microenvironment and the peripheral hMS responses to surgery. Second, we will take an integrative approach to build and validate a predictive model of SSIs combining the single-cell assessment of immune signaling and epigenetic states in patient blood and tissue samples collected before and during surgery. Third, we will implement a drug repurposing strategy to identify novel immune-modulatory properties of FDA-approved drugs that can be leveraged in clinical trials to prevent SSIs. We will employ innovative, multidisciplinary approaches: 1) imaging mass cytometry for the 50-plex analysis of local hMS spatial and functional cellular organization in surgical tissue; 2) sparse machine learning methods for integrative analysis of mass cytometry, plasma proteomic and clinical data; 3) high-throughput mass tag barcoding immunoassay for selection of promising drug candidate targeting selective hMS responses. With a focus on the hMS and key clinical determinants of surgical recovery (infection), our MIRA research will identify reliable biomarkers and selective drug candidates for future testing in biomarker-guided clinical trials. Our work will also yield an extensive single-cell data repository, that can be shared with the scientific community and expanded to include other immunological dimensions (adaptive system), omic modalities (microbiome, metabolome, and transcriptome) and trauma-related outcomes (sepsis, organ damage, and cognitive decline). Project Number: 1R35GM161298-01 | Fiscal Year: 2026 | NIH Institute/Center: National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) | Principal Investigator: Brice Gaudilliere | Institution: STANFORD UNIVERSITY, STANFORD, CA | Award Amount: $431,200 | Activity Code: R35 | Study Section: Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 CDB-N (55)] View on NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/11258668