Structure and mechanism of how cells read and repair the genome

Research Summary Our research focuses on two fundamental cellular processes: the regulation of gene expression through transcription and the repair of DNA damage using the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway. We study how cells initiate and regulate transcription, a process crucial for converting DNA information into RNA, involving complex interactions between various proteins and the DNA itself. This includes the assembly of the transcription machinery at gene promoters and the role of specific proteins that help navigate and modify the surrounding chromatin, making genes accessible for transcription. We also explore how cells respond to DNA damage, particularly double-strand breaks, which are among the most critical types of genetic damage. Our work investigates the NHEJ pathway, which directly repairs these breaks by joining DNA ends. Understanding this pathway is essential, as improper repair can lead to genomic instability and diseases, including cancer. By employing advanced imaging and molecular techniques, we aim to elucidate the intricate mechanisms behind these cellular functions. This research not only deepens our understanding of cellular biology but also has implications for developing new therapeutic strategies for diseases related to gene expression errors and DNA repair defects. Through this integrated approach, we seek to uncover how complex protein interactions govern gene regulation and maintain genetic stability in cells. Project Number: 1R35GM158347-01 | Fiscal Year: 2025 | NIH Institute/Center: National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) | Principal Investigator: Yuan He | Institution: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, BALTIMORE, MD | Award Amount: $525,416 | Activity Code: R35 | Study Section: Maximizing Investigators' Research Award B Study Section[MRAB] View on NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/11091196